The concentrations for PM 2.5 ranged from 0.1 µg m −3 (acenaphthylene) to 99.7 µg m −3 (2-nitrofluorene). The mean concentrations of PACs found in the B7, B7E3, and B7E10 blends for PM 1.0 ranged from 0.1 µg m −3 (coronene) to 118.1 µg m −3 (2-nitrofluorene).
Under the same engine conditions, 18 PAHs, 27 nitro-PAHs, and 6 quinones (oxy-PAHs) were determined by GC–MS in real samples obtained from the engine.
Diesel B7 and two ternary blends, B7E3 and B7E10, with 3% and 10% ethanol, were tested and studied in a diesel engine to determine engine performance characteristics and particulate matter emissions and to quantify polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) associated with PM 1.0 and PM 2.5. Ethanol was added with biodiesel–diesel blends. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of ethanol concentration on diesel engine emissions when fueled with diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blends. Emissions of PAH, nitro-PAHs, and oxy-PAHs from a diesel engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends need to be controlled and reduced, as they are unregulated emissions harmful to the environment and human health.
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